ABSTRACT
Cancers are a complex diseases that involve abnormal cell growth pattern and it is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The chemotherapy is one of the most common treatments for cancer. Cancer cause malnutrition and deficiencies of vitamins, in addition chemotherapy causes those deficiencies by induced anorexia, stomatitis, and alimentary tract disturbances. The study aims to determined and assessed the levels of serum vitamins (A, B12, B6, B9, E, D, and K) before and after chemotherapy administration. A prospective study carried out on newly diagnosed cancerous patients whom receiving chemotherapy. Fifty patients enrolling and recruited. Follow up will be recorded after the first, third, and sixth cycles of chemotherapy. The panel used for evaluation of vitamins concentration included the following six kits: Human Vitamin AV, E, VB6, B12, VD3 DIY, VK and FOLR3 ELISA kits. 38 females and 12 males included, with mean age was 48.35±15.28 years. The mostly distributed age group was belong to fifth decades. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 33.12±5.51 m2 /Kg. The majority of the sample treated were breast cancers females about 26(52%). Regarding chemotherapy regimens, the AC+Taxen protocol was mostly used. The mean level of vitamin A found to be declined to the half from (69.23±24.66 µg/dL) at C0 to (35.73±18.89 µg/dL) at C6. Normal mean value of vitamin B12 level was presented in the most of patients pre- and post- chemotherapy. Vitamin B6 concentrations in the most of patients risen by double post-chemotherapy. Vitamin D concentration not changed in pre- and post- chemotherapy. We observed a statistically significant differences among vitamin E concentration pre- and post- chemotherapy (ANOVA=3.213, P=0.033). In this study, most of patients pre-chemotherapy period had normal folate level, whereas it to decreased from (6.23±3.12 ng/mL) to reached (3.33±2.72 ng/mL) after anti-cancer, with strong statistically significant differences (ANOVA=6.56, P=0.012). In addition, vitamin K concentration was unchanged throughout chemotherapy cycles. Many factors in cancerous participants lead to vitamins deficiencies. Several vitamins remained within normal concentration throughout anti-cancer course might be due to vitamins supplement taken by persons during their regimens. Almost always vitamins concentration dropped during cycles, but still within normal value, except vitamin E, which was deficient in last cycle of chemotherapy. Vitamins replacement are mandatory for substitution dropping level because off those are essential for many body processes and regulation.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Avitaminosis/drug therapy , Vitamins/analysis , Feeding and Eating Disorders , Prospective Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Drug Therapy , Neoplasms/complicationsABSTRACT
Chitosan and chitosan based materials offer diverse applications in the field of biotechnology, nanotechnology, pharmaceuticals, environmental protection and tissue engineering due to their various biological and physicochemical properties. Major sources of chitosan are shrimps, crabs and lobsters. Properties of chitosan differ with the degree of deacetylation and the molecular weight. Researchers are investigating to produce high quality chitosan in cost effective and time efficient way which was the aim of present study. The exoskeleton of mud crabs, taken from Abbottabad, was demineralized with 2mol/dm3 H2SO4 solution for 4hour and then, deproteinized with 2mol/dm3 NaOH solution for 4hour at room temperature. Yield of crude chitin was 78% which was deacetylated with 55% NaOH solution at 110oC for 4hour to obtain chitosan. After precipitation, the yield of pure chitosan form the crab shell was 39%. The degree of deacetylation of chitosan was 92% measured by potentiometric titration and the molecular weight was 1.2×106g/mol [1200KD], determined by viscometric method. We concluded that a high quality chitosan can be produced at commercial level in Pakistan by rapid and simple techniques
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to describe the frequency of children at high risk of developing ADHD and its association with psychosocial factors in children of grade 3-5 in various schools of Karachi. Descriptive study. This study was coducted in various schools of Karachi from January to June 2008. This study was done using pre-tested self administered questionnaire. The study population was composed of 553 children from grades 3 to 5. The parents filled the questionnaire on assessment of children behavior. All ethical considerations were taken into account in this regard. Data for demographic variables for frequencies and association between variables was analyzed on SPSS version 12.0. Significant level was p<0.05. Among a total of 553 children from three different schools, the suspected children were 131; among them 111 had a score of 20-29 on the behavior rating scale and 20 had a score of 30 and onwards. There were 89 males out of 319 [27.8%] and 42 females out of 234 females [17.9%] who were found positive. This made a total 23.6% students of both the genders who showed strong tendency towards ADHD. Among the differences which were observed gender, father's occupation and different schools were statistically significant [p-value <0.05] which made the strength of this study. Children with ADHD are frequently encountered in the primary care setting. It is important that the diagnosis of this condition by primary care providers be based on procedures supported by evidence from empirical investigations. Clinicians should use ADHD-specific rating scales completed by caregivers and teachers in their efforts to identify children suspected for ADHD
ABSTRACT
To determine attitude of people towards opting a treatment modality for mental illnesses and factors affecting it in Psychiatric Outpatient department at Hamdard University Hospital, Karachi. Cross-sectional study. This study was carried out at Psychiatric Outpatient department at Hamdard University Hospital, Karachi from 1[st] January 2008 to 31[st] May 2009. Patients/ caregivers presenting at Psychiatric OPD of Hamdard University Hospital, Karachi from 1[st] January 2008 to 31[st] May 2009 were interviewed according to a standard questionnaire. Consent was taken from each and every patient/caregivers. Data was analyzed using SPSS 16 version. The study comprised 531 patients of which 42.4% were males and 57.6% females. Mean age was found to be 32.1 years [S.D= +/- 12.1]. Regarding mode of treatment opted first, 64.4% resorted to medical treatments while 28.8% used spiritual forms of treatment. 33.9% patients said that they consulted family physician for their problem first. 37.3% consulted a psychiatrist first followed by 18.7% who consulted various moulvis, Aalims and peers. Other forms of traditional healers consulted include hakims [6.8%] and homeopaths [3.4%]. Only 17.1% patients said that they had psychiatric treatment alone. 65.7% thought Rohani ilaaj to be part of religion or both religion and culture. And only 12% thought that Rohani Ilaaj has no role in treatment of mental illnesses. Strong belief still exists in traditional healing in our society. Although psychiatric treatment is becoming increasingly popular and acceptable, work needs to be done to increase awareness
ABSTRACT
Intussusception is defined as the telescoping of consecutive segments of bowel. While being relatively common in the pediatric population, intussusception is an unusual cause of small bowel obstruction in the adult group and is often due to an underlying lead point. We present the imaging findings and diagnosis by sonography and computed tomography [CT] of intussusception in a young adult male with ulcerative colitis. The clinical findings were masked by the steroid cover given for ulcerative colitis
ABSTRACT
This comparative study was conducted on 100 patients coming for follow up after laparoscopic cholecystectomy at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore. These patients were divided into two equal groups. In group A we stitched the linea alba and skin with monofilament polypropylene and in group B linea alba was not stitched and skin wound was closed with steri strips. In group A, two patients developed wound complications, one had wound infection and the other had bleeding from wound. In group B, four patients out of fifty in whom we did not stitch linea alba and skin, developed wound infection, and in 3 patients minor bleeding was seen from port site. No patients developed hernia at port site in both groups. Port site hernia is a rare complication after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This clinical trial was carried out to see the prevalence of port site wound hernias after laparoscopic cholecystectomies
ABSTRACT
Gender identity disorder is rarely reported in Pakistan. One such case is being described which is fitting into the typical diagnostic criteria of the said disorder. Dilemma remains about the decision of surgical reassignment and its associated complications